The Impact of Sanctions Imposed by the European Union against Iran on their Bilateral Trade: General versus Targeted Sanctions
Yazarlar (2)
Mahdi Ghodsi
Wu Vienna University Of Economics And Business, Avusturya
Prof. Dr. Hüseyin KARAMELİKLİ Karabük Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Makale Türü Açık Erişim Özgün Makale (SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayınlanan tam makale)
Dergi Adı World Trade Review (Q1)
Dergi ISSN 1474-7456 Dergi Bilgileri (2022)
Dergi Tarandığı Indeksler SSCI
Makale Dili İngilizce Basım Tarihi 01-2022
Kabul Tarihi Yayınlanma Tarihi 05-07-2021
Cilt / Sayı / Sayfa 21 / 1 / 33–58 DOI 10.1017/S1474745621000318
Makale Linki http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745621000318
UAK Araştırma Alanları
Uluslararası Ticaret
Özet
The European Union (EU) has been using economic sanctions both as a foreign policy tool and as a liberal alternative to military action. Since 2006, it has been implementing general sanctions against the whole economy of Iran, affecting their trade relations, and since 2007, following the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council, it has also been using smart sanctions targeting Iranian entities and natural persons associated with the country's military activities. In a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, this paper investigates the impact of general and targeted EU sanctions against Iran on quarterly bilateral trade values between the 19 members of the euro area (EA19) and Iran between the first quarter of 1999 and the fourth quarter of 2018. In a robustness NARDL specification, trade between Iran and the 28 members of the EU is analysed. In addition, a gravity model of bilateral trade …
Anahtar Kelimeler
F13 | F14 | F50 | F51 | Gravity | Iran | NARDL | Smart sanctions | time series analysis | trade values